README

⚠️ Blackcube Warning

This is not EAV. If you want Entity-Attribute-Value with JOIN hell, look elsewhere.

Elastic stores JSON, validates with JSON Schema, and lets you query virtual columns. You manipulate PHP properties. You never see the JSON.

PHP 8.3+ dynamic model attributes from JSON Schema for Yii3 framework.

Installation

composer require blackcube/yii-elastic

Requirements

PHP >= 8.3
MySQL/MariaDB (for JSON column support)

Why Elastic?

Approach	Problem
One table per type	20 types = 20 tables, duplicated code
Catch-all columns	"field23 is what again?"
Raw HTML	Not validatable, not queryable, XSS
EAV	JOIN on JOIN on JOIN
Elastic	None of the above

You manipulate PHP properties. Elastic handles JSON underneath.

Validation is automatic. JSON Schema → Yii3 Validator rules.

Queries are transparent. ->where(['virtualColumn' => 'value']) just works.

Evolution without migration. Add a field to the schema. No SQL migration needed.

How It Works

Storage

Column	Purpose
`elasticSchemaId`	FK to `elasticSchemas` table
`_extras`	JSON data storage

The developer never touches _extras directly. Properties are accessed like regular PHP properties.

Column names can be tuned

Override these methods in your model to use different column names:

public function elasticColumn(): string       { return 'data'; }        // Default: '_extras'
public function elasticSchemaColumn(): string { return 'schemaId'; }    // Default: 'elasticSchemaId'

Database Setup

1. Create the schemas table

Run the provided migration:

use Blackcube\Elastic\Migrations\M000000000000CreateElasticSchemas;

$migration = new M000000000000CreateElasticSchemas();
$migration->up($builder);

2. Add columns to your table

CREATE TABLE products (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    elasticSchemaId INT,
    _extras TEXT,
    FOREIGN KEY (elasticSchemaId) REFERENCES elasticSchemas(id)
);

Quick Start

1. Create a JSON Schema

use Blackcube\Elastic\ElasticSchema;

$schema = new ElasticSchema();
$schema->setName('ProductAttributes');
$schema->setSchema(json_encode([
    'type' => 'object',
    'properties' => [
        'sku' => ['type' => 'string', 'minLength' => 3],
        'price' => ['type' => 'number', 'minimum' => 0],
        'inStock' => ['type' => 'boolean'],
    ],
    'required' => ['sku'],
]));
$schema->save();

2. Create your ActiveRecord model

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Model;

use Blackcube\Elastic\ElasticInterface;
use Blackcube\Elastic\ElasticTrait;
use Blackcube\MagicCompose\ActiveRecord\MagicComposeActiveRecordTrait;
use Yiisoft\ActiveRecord\ActiveRecord;

class Product extends ActiveRecord implements ElasticInterface
{
    use MagicComposeActiveRecordTrait;
    use ElasticTrait;

    protected string $name = '';

    public function tableName(): string
    {
        return 'products';
    }

    public function getName(): string
    {
        return $this->name;
    }

    public function setName(string $name): void
    {
        $this->name = $name;
    }
}

Usage

Working with dynamic attributes

// Create — properties are PHP, not JSON
$product = new Product();
$product->setName('Laptop');
$product->elasticSchemaId = $schemaId;
$product->sku = 'LAP-001';      // Virtual property
$product->price = 999.99;        // Virtual property
$product->inStock = true;        // Virtual property
$product->insert();

// Read — same thing
$loaded = Product::query()->where(['id' => $product->id])->one();
echo $loaded->sku;       // 'LAP-001'
echo $loaded->price;     // 999.99
echo $loaded->inStock;   // true

// Update — still PHP
$loaded->price = 899.99;
$loaded->update();

Querying virtual columns

ElasticQuery transforms virtual columns to JSON_VALUE() expressions automatically:

// Filter by virtual column
$products = Product::query()
    ->where(['sku' => 'LAP-001'])
    ->all();

// Multiple conditions
$products = Product::query()
    ->where(['inStock' => true])
    ->andWhere(['>', 'price', 500])
    ->all();

// Order by virtual column
$products = Product::query()
    ->orderBy(['price' => SORT_DESC])
    ->all();

// Mix real and virtual columns
$products = Product::query()
    ->where(['name' => 'Laptop', 'inStock' => true])
    ->orderBy(['price' => SORT_ASC])
    ->all();

Validating elastic attributes

use Blackcube\Elastic\Validator\ElasticRuleResolver;
use Yiisoft\Validator\Validator;

$resolver = new ElasticRuleResolver();
$rules = $resolver->resolve($product);

$validator = new Validator();
$result = $validator->validate($product->getElasticValues(), $rules);

if (!$result->isValid()) {
    foreach ($result->getErrors() as $error) {
        echo $error->getMessage();
    }
}

Supported JSON Schema features

JSON Schema	Yii3 Validator Rule
`type: string`	`StringValue`
`type: integer`	`Integer`
`type: number`	`Number`
`type: boolean`	`BooleanValue`
`minimum`, `maximum`	`Integer`/`Number` with constraints
`minLength`, `maxLength`	`Length`
`pattern`	`Regex`
`enum`	`In`
`format: email`	`Email`
`format: idn-email`	`Email` with IDN
`format: url`	`Url`
`format: ipv4`, `format: ipv6`	`Ip`
`required`	`Required`

Labels, hints, placeholders from schema

JSON Schema metadata is extracted automatically:

JSON Schema field	Method
`title`	`getPropertyLabel($property)`
`description`	`getPropertyHint($property)`
`placeholder`	`getPropertyPlaceholder($property)`

Let's be honest

Performance on complex queries

JSON_VALUE() is slower than a native indexed column. Filtering 100,000 rows on a JSON field will be slow.

In practice: A CMS with a few thousand contents? No problem. A search engine on millions of rows? Use Elasticsearch or a real column.

No foreign keys in JSON

You can't JOIN on a JSON value. If you need relations, use real columns.

One-way compatibility

Adding optional fields: ✓ works, old data returns null.

Removing fields: data stays in database, but property is no longer accessible.

Rules

Never modify _extras directly — use dynamic properties
Link your model to a schema — set elasticSchemaId before using elastic attributes
Use ElasticQuery — the query() method returns it automatically via the trait

License

BSD-3-Clause. See LICENSE.md.

Author

Philippe Gaultier philippe@blackcube.io

blackcube / yii-elastic

Maintainers

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