README

The ResourceBundle is an opinionated Symfony bundle to aid in developing REST APIs. It makes some architectural decisions for you, allowing you to focus more on the domain of your application. It uses as little magic as possible to make it easier to understand, debug, and extend.

##Prerequisites The ResourceBundle relies on the FOSRestBundle to handle content negotiation and RESTful decoding of request bodies. After installing the bundle, you must configure it before proceeding to use the ResourceBundle. Here is a sample configuration to get started.

Note: The ResourceBundle does not handle any sort of authentication. It is meant to be used in conjunction with something like the FOSOAuthServerBundle.

##Bundle Usage

Resources
Resource Repositories
Resource Managers
Resource Forms
Form Handlers
Form Processors
Resource Controllers
Resource Routing
Events
Bundle Configuration Reference
Special Notes

##Resources The ResourceBundle is centered around resources. The bundle requires resources(entities) to implement the very simple ResourceInterface. The examples assume you're using Doctrine but the bundle is ORM agnostic. First, let's create a simple resource.

<?php // src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Entity/Task.php

namespace MyApp\CoreBundle\Entity;

use MyApp\CoreBundle\Domain\Task\TaskInterface;
use ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\ResourceInterface;

class Task implements TaskInterface, ResourceInterface
{
    protected $id;

    protected $task;

    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    public function isNew()
    {
        return null === $this->getId();
    }

    public function getTask()
    {
        return $this->task;
    }

    public function setTask($task)
    {
        $this->task = $task;
    }
}

##Resource Repositories Once we have a resource, it's time to create a repository for the resource by implementing the ResourceRepositoryInterface. If using Doctrine, just extend the bundled BaseResourceRepository.

<?php // src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Domain/Task/Repository/Doctrine/TaskRepository.php

namespace MyApp\CoreBundle\Domain\Task\Repository\Doctrine;

use MyApp\CoreBundle\Domain\Task\Repository\TaskRepositoryInterface;
use MyApp\CoreBundle\Entity\Task;
use ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\Repository\Doctrine\BaseResourceRepository;

class TaskRepository extends BaseResourceRepository implements TaskRepositoryInterface
{
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function newInstance()
    {
        return new Task;
    }
}

# src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Resources/services.yml

services:
    myapp.task.repository:
        class: Doctrine\ORM\EntityRepository
        factory_service: doctrine.orm.entity_manager
        factory_method: getRepository
        arguments:
            - MyApp\CoreBundle\Entity\Task

Remember to update the mapping file.

# src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Resources/doctrine/Task.orm.yml

MyApp\CoreBundle\Entity\Task:
    type: entity
    table: tasks
    repositoryClass: MyApp\CoreBundle\Domain\Task\Repository\Doctrine\TaskRepository
    id:
        id:
            type: integer
            generator:
                strategy: AUTO
    fields:
        task:
            type: string
            length: 255

##Resource Managers Just like Doctrine, persisting and deleting resources is not done by repositories. With the ResourceBundle, this is done through a ResourceManagerInterface implementation. If using Doctrine, you can use the bundled ResourceManager. Internally it uses Doctrine's ManagerRegistry to get the correct object manager for the resource.

# src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Resources/services.yml

services:

    # other services...

    myapp.resource.manager:
        class: ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\Manager\Doctrine\ResourceManager
        arguments:
            - @doctrine

Resource Forms

The bundle makes use of Symfony's form component to map incoming data to resources. Time to create a form for our Task.

<?php // src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Domain/Task/Form/Type/TaskType.php

namespace MyApp\CoreBundle\Domain\Task\Form\Type;

use Symfony\Component\Form\AbstractType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface;

class TaskType extends AbstractType
{
    private $class;

    public function __construct($class)
    {
        $this->class = $class;
    }

    public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options)
    {
        $builder->add('task');
    }

    public function setDefaultOptions(OptionsResolverInterface $resolver)
    {
        $resolver->setDefaults(array(
            'data_class' => $this->class,
        ));
    }

    public function getName()
    {
        return 'task';
    }
}

By default, the bundle attempts to find a resource's form by looking for a form with the name of the resource's class that has been lowercased and underscored. Ie. The bundle would expect to find a form by the name of todo_list for a MyApp/CoreBundle/Entity/TodoList resource.

Let's register the form with the container.

# src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Resources/services.yml

parameters:
    myapp.task.entity.class: MyApp\CoreBundle\Entity\Task

services:

    # other services...

    myapp.task.form.type:
        class: MyApp\CoreBundle\Domain\Task\Form\Type\TaskType
        arguments:
            - %myapp.task.entity.class%
        tags:
            - { name: form.type, alias: task }

Form Handlers

Now that we have a resource, repository, and form it's time to create an implementation of a FormHandlerInterface. Form handlers are only executed if a request was issued and the form was valid. The bundle comes with a SaveResourceFormHandler. It extracts the data(the resource from the form) and saves it through a ResourceManagerInterface. Let's register a resource form handler in the container.

# src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Resources/services.yml

services:

    # other services...

    myapp.resource.form_handler:
        class: ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\Form\Handler\SaveResourceFormHandler
        arguments:
            - @myapp.resource.manager

##Form Processors We need to use our new handler in a form processor.

# src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Resources/services.yml

services:

    # other services...

    myapp.resource.form_processor:
        class: ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\Form\FormProcessor
        arguments:
            - @myapp.resource.form_handler
            - @pah_resource.form.error_extractor

Form processors use a form handler if the form is valid and an error extractor for when it is invalid. If you do not like the default form error extractor, you can create your own by implementing the FormErrorExtractorInterface.

##Resource Controllers The glue that brings all these pieces together is the abstract ResourceController. Let's create a concrete TaskController.

<?php // src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Controller/TaskController.php

namespace MyApp\CoreBundle\Controller;

use MyApp\CoreBundle\Entity\Task;
use ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Controller\ResourceController;
use ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\Event\ResourceEvents;
use ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\ResourceInterface;

class TaskController extends ResourceController
{
    /**
     * Task class.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $resourceClass = Task::CLASS; // using php 5.5's class constant

    /**
     * Show current user's tasks.
     *
     * @return \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response
     */
    public function indexAction()
    {
        $tasks = $this->getUser()->getTasks();

        foreach ($tasks as $task) {
            $this->getResourceEventDispatcher()->dispatch(ResourceEvents::PRE_VIEW, $task);
        }

        return $this
            ->setData([$this->getPluralizedResourceName() => $tasks])
            ->respond();
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function getResourceLocation(ResourceInterface $resource)
    {
        return $this->generateUrl('my_app_task_view', ['id' => $resource->getId()]);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function getFormProcessor()
    {
        return $this->get('myapp.resource.form_processor');
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function getResourceManager()
    {
        return $this->get('myapp.resource.manager');
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function getResourceRepository()
    {
        return $this->get('myapp.task.repository');
    }
}

Note: The $resourceClass is used by the ResourceController to find the relevant form, naming events, and serializing resources.

Tip: You might want to create your own base ResourceController and implement ::getFormProcessor() and ::getResourceManager() as they will probably be the same across each of your resource controllers.

Because the ResourceController uses symfony's security component to check basic REST permissions, we need to implement a security voter. You can customize this to suit your application's needs. For now, we're going to allow everything.

<?php //src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Domain/Resource/Security/Voter/ResourceVoter.php

namespace MyApp\CoreBundle\Domain\Resource\Security\Voter;

use ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\ResourceInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\VoterInterface;

class ResourceVoter implements VoterInterface
{
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function supportsAttribute($attribute)
    {
        return true
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function supportsClass($class)
    {
        return true
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function vote(TokenInterface $token, $resource, array $attributes)
    {
        // Your application's logic to determine if the user has permission
        // to perform 'VIEW', 'CREATE', 'UPDATE', and/or 'DELETE' permissions.

        if ($resource instanceof ResourceInterface) {
            return VoterInterface::ACCESS_GRANTED;
        }

        return VoterInterface::ACCESS_ABSTAIN;
    }
}

Don't forget to register it.

# src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Resources/services.yml

services:

    # other services...

    myapp.resource.security.voter:
        class: MyApp\CoreBundle\Domain\Resource\Security\Voter\ResourceVoter
        public: false
        tags:
            - { name: security.voter }

##Resource Routing Once we have our TaskController and our security voter set up, we can then RESTfully route to actions.

# app/config/routing.yml

# other routes...

myapp_tasks:
    resource: "@MyAppCoreBundle/Resources/config/routing.yml"
    prefix:   /api

# src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Resources/config/routing.yml

myapp_task_create:
    pattern:  /tasks
    defaults: { _controller: MyAppCoreBundle:Task:create }
    methods:  [POST]

myapp_task_view_all:
    pattern:  /tasks
    defaults: { _controller: MyAppCoreBundle:Task:index }
    methods:  [GET]

myapp_task_view:
    pattern:  /tasks/{id}
    defaults: { _controller: MyAppCoreBundle:Task:show }
    methods:  [GET]

myapp_task_update:
    pattern:  /tasks/{id}
    defaults: { _controller: MyAppCoreBundle:Task:update }
    methods:  [PUT]

myapp_task_delete:
    pattern:  /tasks/{id}
    defaults: { _controller: MyAppCoreBundle:Task:delete }
    methods:  [DELETE]

I highly recommend you take a peek at the ResourceController to see what's happening under the hood.

By default, the ResourceBundle uses Symfony's serializer component to serialize resources for responses. However, I recommend using the JMSSerializerBundle for more flexibility.

##Events

The bundle's components are developed in a manner to make it easy to add functionality. One important piece of functionality is the ability to dispatch events. Events can be dispatched by wrapping certain components in decorators. The bundle comes with three.

###Eventful Resource Manager You can use this decorator to dispatch events during manager interactions.

# src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Resources/services.yml

services:

    # other services...

    myapp.resource.eventful_manager:
        class: ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\Manager\Decorator\EventfulResourceManager
        arguments:
            - @myapp.resource.manager
            - @pah_resource.resource.event_dispatcher

By using this decorator, the following events will be dispatched:

task.pre_save
task.post_save
task.pre_create
task.post_create
task.pre_update
task.post_update
task.pre_delete
task.post_delete

It uses the ResourceEventDispatcher to dispatch these events. It uses the same class transformer as the ResourceController does when finding a resource's form. It lowercases and underscores a resource's class to use in the event name. Feel free to use the resource event dispatcher in your own code(like in your event listeners).

###Eventful Form Handler You can decorate your form handlers to dispatch pre and post handle events.

# src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Resources/services.yml

services:

    # other services...

    # redefine to use the eventful manager
    myapp.resource.form_handler:
        class: ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\Form\Handler\SaveResourceFormHandler
        arguments:
            - @myapp.resource.eventful_manager

    # redefine to use the above form handler
    myapp.resource.eventful_form_handler:
        class: ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\Form\Decorator\EventfulFormHandler
        arguments:
            - @myapp.resource.form_handler
            - @pah_resource.form.event_dispatcher

    # redefine to use the above eventful form handler
    myapp.resource.form_processor:
        class: ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\Form\FormProcessor
        arguments:
            - @myapp.resource.eventful_form_handler
            - @pah_resource.form.error_extractor

Using this decorator will dispatch the following events for the task's form handler:

task.form.pre_handle
task.form.post_handle

###Eventful Form Processor You can also decorate form processors to dispatch certain events throughout the form processing.

# src/MyApp/CoreBundle/Resources/services.yml

services:

    # other services...

    myapp.resource.eventful_form_processor:
        class: ProgrammingAreHard\ResourceBundle\Domain\Form\Decorator\EventfulFormProcessor
        arguments:
            - @myapp.resource.form_processor
            - @pah_resource.form.event_dispatcher

Using this decorator will dispatch the following events for the tasks's form.

task.form.initialize
task.form.invalid (only if the form is invalid)
task.form.complete (only if the form is valid)

To summarize, by taking advantage of these decorators you will have access to the following events:

task.pre_save
task.post_save
task.pre_create
task.post_create
task.pre_update
task.post_update
task.pre_delete
task.post_delete
task.form.initialize
task.form.invalid
task.form.pre_handle
task.form.post_handle
task.form.complete

Don't forget to use them in your ResourceControllers though!

##Bundle Configuration Reference This is the default bundle configuration.

# app/config/config.yml

programming_are_hard_resource:
    class_transformer: pah_resource.class_name.underscore_transformer
    form_error_extractor: pah_resource.form.flattened_error_extractor

The class_tranformer is responsible for turning a resource's fully qualified class name into a name it uses when finding a resource's form and dispatching events. It must implement TransformerInterface.

The form_error_extractor is responsbile for getting errors from a form. It must implement FormErrorExtractorInterface

##Special Notes There are a few things to keep in mind when using this bundle.

###IndexAction You might have noticed that there is no indexAction in the ResourceController. This is because the bundle can't reasonably guess all of the required parameters needed to come up with a generic enough solution. For example, most likely you will only want to display the current user's resources rather than everything in a resource repository. You may also want advanced url structures, ie. /api/people/24/tasks. The indexAction method signature we need to accommodate that person id wildcard. Consequently, pagination and filtering are left up to you.

###ResourceEvents::PRE_VIEW This event is dispatched in the create, show, and update actions in the ResourceController. Depending on how you display related resources, you may want to ignore these events. You can use a serializer to display a resource's related resources. These resources would be fetched by calling getters on the resources themselves. Consequently, there is no place to dispatch the ResourceEvents::PRE_VIEW events for the related resources and still keep the bundle ORM agnostic. One option is to pull in the BazingaHateoasBundle and configure links for related resources. This way you can be sure that individual resources are only ever displayed directly by the ResourceController.

programmingarehard / resource-bundle

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