[MEDIUM] LibreNMS vulnerable to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in endpoint `/maps/nodeimage` parameter `Image Name`

PKSA-2rhd-6w4r-2261 CVE-2025-65013 GHSA-j8cq-7f6p-256x

Affected package: librenms/librenms

Affected version: <25.11.0

Reported by:
GitHub