README

Help with socket operations.

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Installation

stubbles/peer is distributed as Composer package. To install it as a dependency of your package use the following command:

composer require "stubbles/peer": "^10.0"

Requirements

stubbles/peer requires at least PHP 8.2.

Working with URIs

Sometimes it's useful to have a URI wrapped into a class which provides methods to work with this URI. Stubbles Core provides stubbles\peer\Uri for such cases.

New instances can be created via Uri::fromString('ftp://user@example.net/');. The following rules apply:

If the supplied uri string is empty no instance will be returned, but null instead.
If the supplied uri string is not a valid URI a stubbles\peer\MalformedUri will be thrown.
For all other cases, an instance of stubbles\peer\Uri is returned.
Since release 8.0.0 using passwords in URIs is discouraged, and support for passwords in URIs will be removed with 9.0.0. Generally, protocols provide other and better means to transport the password, as using it in URIs is inherently insecure.

In order for a uri string to be a valid URI it must adhere to the specification laid out in RFC 3986.

Please note that hostnames will be normalized, which means if the given hostname is e.g. eXAMple.net, it will be normalized to example.net and always returned in normalized form.

For the methods, the following rules apply:

hasDnsRecord() returns false if the URI does not contain a host.
hasDnsRecord()always returns true for localhost, 127.0.0.1 and [::1].
hasDefaultPort() returns false when a port is specified, even if it might be the default port for the scheme. This method is meant for child classes which provide additional methods for certain protocols.

URI instances can only be changed regarding their URI parameters. It is not possible to change the scheme, host, user, password, port, or fragment of the URI.

Working with HTTP URIs

While the basic implementation for URIs already provides useful help when working with URIs, sometimes one needs slightly better support for HTTP URIs. stubbles/peer provides stubbles\peer\http\HttpUri for such cases.

New instances can be created via HttpUri::fromString('http://example.net/');. The following rules apply:

If the supplied uri string is empty no instance will be returned, but null instead.
If the supplied uri string is not a valid HTTP URI a stubbles\peer\MalformedUri will be thrown.
For all other cases, an instance of stubbles\peer\http\HttpUri is returned.

In order for a uri string to be a valid URI it must adhere to the specification laid out in RFC 7230. Any uri strings with other schemes than http or https are rejected and lead to a thrown stubbles\peer\MalformedUri.

Additionally, instances can be created using HttpUri::fromParts($scheme, $host, $port = null, $path = '/', $queryString = null). (Available since release 4.0.0.)

Rules for specific methods

hasDefaultPort() returns true if the scheme is http and the port is 80. In case no port was originally supplied, port 80 is assumed. The method also returns true if the scheme is https and the port is 443. In case no port was originally supplied, port 443 is assumed. In any other case the method returns false.
port() will return the port if it was originally supplied. If it was not supplied and scheme is http return value will be 80, and if scheme is https return value will be 443.

Changing portions of the HTTP URI

Instances of HttpUri can only be changed regarding their URI parameters. It is not possible to change the host, user, password, port, or fragment of the URI. Additionally it is possible to change the scheme, but this will return a new instance:

toHttp(): If the scheme is http the same instance will be returned. If the scheme is https a new instance with the same URI but scheme http will be returned.
toHttps(): If the scheme is https the same instance will be returned. If the scheme is http a new instance with the same URI but scheme https will be returned.

The current scheme can be checked with isHttp() and isHttps().

Establish connections to HTTP URIs

Additionally, the class provides possibilities to establish connections to the name HTTP URI:

openSocket() will create a stubbles\peer\Socket instance to which one can connect. See section on sockets for more details.
connect() provides higher level access with a full HTTP connection. The method can optionally take an instance of stubbles\peer\HeaderList from which headers will be applied to the request.

Establishing a HTTP connection

A HTTP request to the target URI can be done in the following way:

$response = $httpUri->connect()
        ->asUserAgent('Not Mozilla')
        ->timeout(5)
        ->usingHeader('X-Money', 'Euro')
        ->get();

Please note that the call to connect() does not open the connection, but establishes it locally only. Rather, it can be used to add some more headers to the request: user agent, referer, cookies or any other header. Only the last method really opens the connection. Currently, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT and DELETE requests are supported:

$response = $httpUri->connect()->get();
$response = $httpUri->connect()->head();
$response = $httpUri->connect()->post($postBody);
$response = $httpUri->connect()->put($putBody);
$response = $httpUri->connect()->delete();

For POST and PUT there is one required parameter which should contain the post/put body. For POST alternatively an associative array can be supplied which will be transformed into form post values, which will lead to an automatically added Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded header to the request.

The response can then be read. It provides access to all single details of the HTTP response.

Socket operations

Socket operations can be done using stubbles\peer\Socket. A socket can be created by supplying the host to the constructor, and optionally a port. If no port is specified it will fall back to port 80.

On construction only the socket instance is created. To actually open the connection the connect() method must be called. Optionally a time-out for establishing the connection can be supplied, if none given its 2 seconds. When succesfully established, it returns a stubbles\peer\Stream instance which provides methods to read from and write to the socket.

Other utility classes

`stubbles\peer\HeaderList`

This class provides possibilities to work with headers, mainly parsing a string which contains headers and maintaining a list of headers.

`stubbles\peer\http\AcceptHeader`

This class can parse the accept header from HTTP and provides access to check if a certain type is accepted, what it's priority is, and to find the best match if the accept header is compared against a selection of types. It can cope with Accept, Accept-Charset and Accept-Encoding.

`stubbles\peer\ParsedUri`

Takes a uri string as construction argument and provides access to each part of the uri. In constrast to stubbles\peer\Uri and stubbles\peer\http\HttpUri no checks are done on the url string which means you can construct instances from invalid url strings, which is not possible with both other classes.

`stubbles\peer\QueryString`

Takes a query string as construction argument and provides access to all of the parameters within the query string to modify and remove them or to add other parameters; and to rebuild a complete query string from this.

`stubbles\peer\IpAddress`

Available since release 4.0.0

Represents an ip address and possible operations on an ip address.

Integration with stubbles/values

In case the package stubbles/values is present a recognition for stubbles\values\Parse to parse http URIs to instances of stubbles\peer\http\HttpUri will automatically be added.

Also, some checks are added to stubbles\values\Value (available since release 7.1.0):

isMailAddress()
isIpAddress()
isIpV4Address()
isIpV6Address()
isHttpUri()
isExistingHttpUri()

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