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Tesnière introduced the dependency trees, structural order, the concept of dependency and applied his representation concepts in a variety of languages such as French, Greek, Russian, Italian, and so on. In structural order, syntactic relations are presented in a hierarchical manner as opposed to the linear order. He uses “stemmas” to reflect hierarchy.

Today, dependency grammars are divided into two. One study from the tradition that applies this distinction to the dependency grammar is the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) developed by the Prague School of Functional and Structural Linguistics. A famous example for the other school of thought that displays linear order is the Penn Treebank that functioned between the years of 1989-1996, containing seven million annotated texts from American English.

In 2005, The Stanford Dependencies developed for the parsing of the English language and to be used in NLP studies and in Stanford Dependency Parser. Stanford Dependencies were acknowledged as the standard for the dependency analyses of English. However, the Stanford Dependency parser could not reach an adequate accuracy when it was used with other dependency schemes. In the following years, the Universal Dependency Treebank (UDT) project pioneered to develop treebanks for languages other than English by transforming the Stanford dependencies into a more inclusive annotation scheme for a diverse set of languages.

The developments in the dependency treebanking made it clear that Turkish language needed a Treebank of its own. The first Turkish language dependency treebank is METU-Sabanci Turkish Treebank. This treebank used a corpus that consisted of 7,262 sentences and included morphological and syntactic annotations. In 2016, this tree-bank was revisited under the name of ITU-METU-Sabancı Treebank (IMST) to reduce the inconsistencies of its earlier version. They succeeded to reduce inconsistencies by applying a new annotation scheme. As a last step, The Bogazici-ITU-METU-Sabancı Treebank (BIMST) is updated as the same corpus. Having a linguistic team of three people, they created a new annotation scheme for IMST and manually re-annotated the data of 5.635 sentences while introducing new dependency relations that were not present in IMST.

Annotated UD (Universal Dependencies) Datasets

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For Contibutors

composer.json file

autoload is important when this package will be imported.

  "autoload": {
    "psr-4": {
      "olcaytaner\\WordNet\\": "src/"
    }
  },

Dependencies should be maximum (not only direct but also indirect references should also be given), everything directly in the code should be given here.

  "require-dev": {
    "phpunit/phpunit": "11.4.0",
    "olcaytaner/dictionary": "1.0.0",
    "olcaytaner/xmlparser": "1.0.1",
    "olcaytaner/morphologicalanalysis": "1.0.0"
  }

Data files

Add data files to the project folder. Subprojects should include all data files of the parent projects.

Php files

Do not forget to comment each function.

    /**
     * Returns true if specified semantic relation type presents in the relations list.
     *
     * @param SemanticRelationType $relationType element whose presence in the list is to be tested
     * @return bool true if specified semantic relation type presents in the relations list
     */
    public function containsRelationType(SemanticRelationType $relationType): bool{
        foreach ($this->relations as $relation){
            if ($relation instanceof SematicRelation && $relation->getRelationType() == $relationType){
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

Function names should follow caml case.

    public function getRelation(int $index): Relation{

Write getter and setter methods.

    public function getOrigin(): ?string
    public function setName(string $name): void

Use standard javascript test style by extending the TestCase class. Use setup when necessary.

class WordNetTest extends TestCase
{
    private WordNet $turkish;

    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        ini_set('memory_limit', '450M');
        $this->turkish = new WordNet();
    }

    public function testSize()
    {
        $this->assertEquals(78327, $this->turkish->size());
    }

Enumerated types should be declared with enum.

enum CategoryType
{
    case MATHEMATICS;
    case SPORT;
    case MUSIC;
    case SLANG;
    case BOTANIC;

If there are multiple constructors for a class, define them as constructor1, constructor2, ..., then from the original constructor call these methods.

    public function constructor1(string $path, string $fileName): void
    public function constructor2(string $path, string $extension, int $index): void
    public function __construct(string $path, string $extension, ?int $index = null)

Use __toString method if necessary to create strings from objects.

    public function __toString(): string

Use xmlparser package for parsing xml files.

  $doc = new XmlDocument("../test.xml");
  $doc->parse();
  $root = $doc->getFirstChild();
  $firstChild = $root->getFirstChild();

olcaytaner / dependencyparser

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